Regulating system



0. LE 6. FORTESCUE.

BEGULATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2. 191a. RENEWED OCT. 9. 1920. I

r 1,376,424. 3 Patented May 3,1921.

WITNESSES: I

INVENTOR ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES LE G. FORTESC'UE, or VZPIT'IISBUBGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'rowEs'r- SING-HOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION orPENN- SYLVANIA.

REGULATING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 3, 1921.

Original application filed November 7, 1916, Serial No. 129,976. Dividedand this application filed May 2, 1918, Serial No. 232,148. RenewedOctober 9, 1920. Serial No. 415,953.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES LE G. FoR- TESCUE, a subject of the King ofGreat Britaim, and a resident of Pittsburgh in the county of Alleghenyand State of fennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inRegulating Systems, of which the following is a specification, thisapplication being a division of application Serial N 0. 129,97 6, filedNov. 7, 1916.

My invention relates to electrical distributing systems and it hasspecial relation to means embodied in such systems to compensate for thevarious line losses, such as result, for instance, from the reactanceand resistance of such distributing systems.

While many systems have heretofore been proposed to accomplish thiscompensating result, all of such systems have been more or lessinefficient in operation because of the inherent difliculties attendantupon the use of electromagnets, relays, etc. Another difliculty hasarisen from the fact that all of such devices possess more or less of atime lag in responding to the changes of load a nature to respondrapidly to fluctuations of large. magnitude in the load which may bederived from said distributing system and is, moreover, seldom ofsuflicient ruggedness to withstand such violent changes. Furthermore,with the compensating means now commonly employed in distributingsystems, it is always more or less of a problem to superpose upon saiddistributing system, a compensating electromotive force of the properphase position, this difficulty arising, of course, from the fact thatit is almost impossible to obtain a pure reactive voltage or a pureresistance voltage and thereafter to superpose the same on the systemwhich is to be compensated, in order to adequately wipe out theimpedance drop obtaining in such system.

By the use of a system embodying my compensating means, I am able tosuperpose upon the distributing system in which make use of alternatingcurrent, commutator-type, series generators connected in series with thedistributing system and runnlng preferably at a constant speed. Such amachine will give a voltage in phase with, and proportional to, theexciting current. If, therefore, through the field of such a machine,the line current be passed and its armature be connected in series withsaid line, the voltage generated thereby will always be proportional to,and in exact phase coincidence with, the line currents. F urthermore, ifanother series commutator-generator have its armature connected inseries with the line and its field excited by a current which isproportional to, and exactly 90 in phase position from, the linecurrent, this machine will enerate a voltage which is 90 in phaseposition from the line current this last voltage being proportional to,and of the same frequenc as, the reactance drop in the electricaldlstributing system.

The two voltages generated by the above machines, as above set forth,will combine vectorially to form a voltage which is equal to, andexactly 180 in phase position from, the impedance drop of saiddistributing system.

As is hereinafter pointed out, it may, at times, be desirable to socombine the two machines that but one armature is used, said resultingmachine being excited by two field windings, the current in one being inphase with that flowing in the line while the current in the secondfield winding is, by means of. the interposition between the line andsaid field of a phase-modifying device, 90"- in phase position fromv theline current. Such a machine, when connected in series with thedistributing system, will exert the same compensatin influence, as hasbeen hereinbefore described, as is exerted by the two separate machines.

It will be obvious that, by the use of such compensating means as I haveindicated above and will hereinafter more specifically describe andclaim, a perfect compensation for the impedance drop in a distributionsystem is obtained and, moreover, a minimum of moving parts is employedin such means. It will, furthermore, be observed that, after an initialadjustment of the fields of the commutator-type series generators,

the system becomes inherently self-compen-- sating and performs thedesired regulating functions without the use of relays, magnets, etc.

For a better understanding of my invention, reference may be had to theaccompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a'diagrammatic view of theconnections used with my improved compensating system when two machinesare employed; Fig. 2 is a view of the system when the two machines arecombined and but one armature is employed; and F1g.

3 is a vector diagram showing the voltage v and current relations of theline and the compensating means. v

Referring more specifically-to Fig. 1, an

' alternator 1, adapted to furnish energy to static network in the formof'a bridge composed of inductance arms 10 and 11 and condensive arms 12and 13, all of the arms being shown adjustable.

It is obvious that, by the use of such an adjustable phase-modifyingbridge 9, ll am able to excite the field 8 with a current 90 1n phaseposition from the linecurrent and to thereby superpose a voltage removed90 1n phase position from the line current upon the mains of thedistribution system, or one that is exactly in correct phaserelationship with the reactance drop voltage obtainlng in thedistribution system.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a system anal-.

ogous to that'above explained in connection with Fig. 1, with thedifference that the machine here used as a. compensating means comprisesbut one armature 14. The machine embodying the armature14 is exc1ted bymeans of two fields 15 and 16, the field 15 being traversed by the linecurrent and the field 16 being traversed by the cur-' rent derived fromthe independent corners of the phase-modifying device 9, said devicebeing provided. as explained in connection with Fig. 1, with adjustableinductive and condensive arms.

Considering the armature 1-1 as excited by the current traversing thefield 15, it

, vector Ez'.

will be apparent that a voltage is generated therein which isproportional to, and in phase with, the line current, and consideringthe same armature as excited by the field 16, it will be further seenthat a voltage proportional to, but 90 in phase position from, the linecurrent is generated therein. The resultant of these two voltages, whensuperposed upon the distribution system, is a voltage which is equal to,but-180 removed in phase position from, the impedance drop voltage insaid distributing system. This drop will, therefore, be entirely wipedout and the system will become an inherently compensated one.

Reference, to Fig. 3 will explain the vectorial relation of the currentsand voltages of the distribution system and the compensating means. Thevector E0 represents the voltage at the terminals of the alternator,while I .represents the current flowing in the system which, it will beobserved, is lagging somewhat behind the terminal voltage. The voltagedrop, due to the line resistance, may be represented'by the vector Erwhich is, of course, in phase with the line current and opposed thereto.The drop due to the reactance of the distribution system will be 90removed in phase position from the drop due to the resistance of thesystem and will, therefore, be represented by the The vectorialsum ofthe resistance and reactive drops in the system will, therefore, beindicated by the vector E2 which, when added, in the roper direction, tothe generated voltage 0, will give, as the resultant voltage obtainingin the system,when the drops are. uncompensated,-a volt-ag representedby the vector E. It is, apparent, therefore, that, if a machine isincorporated in said system which will generate a voltage equal to, and180 in phase position from, the impedance drop Ea, the same will beeliminated, and the distribution system will operate with perfectinherent regulation.

hile I have shown my machines as separately driven and, therefore,capable of disposition at an appreciable distance from the generatingstation. it is obvious that the same may be placed on the same shaft as,and in proximity to, the alternator furnishing energy to saiddistribution system. Moreover, I have herein described, for purposes ofillustration, the phase-modifying device as comprising what is known asa monocyclic' square arrangement, but it will be obvious to thoseskilled in the art that other means may be employed to accomplish thesame purpose, although it is apparently impossible to obtain an exactquadrature relationship without the employment of a device analogous tothat which I have indicated.

'hile I have described but two embodi ments of my invention, I desirethat only such limitations shall be placed thereon as may be imposed bythe prior art or by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with an electrical sys tem, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of means connectedin series therewith to compensate for the drops in said electricalsystem, said means operating to superpose on said electrical system anelectromotive force component in phase with the current therein and anelectromotive force component in qllliadrature relationship to thecurrent t erein.

2. The combination with an electrical system, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of means connectedin series therewith to compensate for certain potential drops in saidelectric system, said means being so connected to said electrical systemthat electromotive forces in phase with, and proportional to, thecurrent, and in phase with, and proportional to, the inductive drop,respectively, shall be superposed on said electrical system.

3. The combination with an electrical system, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of means connectedin series therewith to compensate for the drops in said electricalsystem, the electromotive forces generated by said means being soautomatically varied that, after an initial adjustment, said meansrespond inherently to the changes in the magnitude and power-factor ofthe current in said electrical system.

4. The combination with an electrical system,- and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of auxiliarysources of electromotive force connected in series with said electricalsystem, said sources generating electromotive forces that are displacedninety de rees from each other, and means for automatically adjustingthe value of said electromotive forces to exactly and inherently.compensate for the drops in a given portion of said electrical system.

5. The combination with an electrical sys tem and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of analternating-current, commutator-type, series generator aggregateconnected in series with said electrical system in order to generate anelectromotive force that is proportional to, and of the same frequencyas, the current traversing said electrical system.

6. The combination with an electrical system, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of a plurality ofalternating-current, commutator-type series generators connected inseries with said electrical system in order to generate an electromotiveforce that is proportional to, and of the same frequency as, the currenttraversing said electrical system, and phase-modifying means associatedwith one of said generators, whereby the electromotive force generatedthereby will be displaced in phase from the electromotive force eneratedby the other generator.

7. he combination with an electrical system, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of a plurality ofalternating-current, commutator-type series generators connected inseries with said electrical system in order to generate an electromotiveforce that is proportional to, and of the same frequency as, the currenttraversing said electrical system, and phase-modifying means associatedwith one of said generators, said phase-modifying means comprisingreactances so adjustably arranged that the electromotive force of saidlast named series generator inherently compensates for the reactancedrop obtaining in said electrical system.

8. The combination with an electrical system, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of a plurality ofalternating-current, commutator-type series generators connected inseries with said electrical system in order to generate an electromotiveforce that is proportional to, and of the same frequency as,

the current traversing said electrical system, and phase-modifying meansassociated with one of said generators, said phase-modifying meanscomprising reactances so adjustably arranged that the electromotiveforce of said last named series generator is maintained ninety degreesin phase position from the current fiowin in said electrical system.

9. The combination with an electrical sys tem, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of means connectedin series therewith to compensate for the drops in a given portion ofsaid electrical system, said means compris ing a single auxiliarydynamo-electric machine so excited and so driven that an electromotiveforce equal to, and exactly 180 of means connected-in series therewithto compensate for the impedance drops in a certain portion of saidelectrical system, said means comprising a single auxiliarydynamo-electric machine, said auxiliary dynamo-electric machine being ofthe series commutator type and being provided with two field windings,phaseemodifying means interposed between said electrical system and oneof said field windings, said auxiliary.

dynamo-electric machine being so excited and so driven that anelectromotive force approximately equal to, and 180 in phasedisplacement from, said impedance drops is superposed on said electricalsystem.

12. The combination with an electrical system, and means for impressingthereupon an alternating-current electromotive force, of means connectedin series therewith to compensate for the drops in said electricalsystem. said means comprising a single auxiliary dynamo-electricmachine, said auxiliary dynamo-electric machine being of the seriescommutator type and being provided with two field windings,phase-modifying means interposed between said electrical system and oneof said field windings, one of said field windings being traversed bythe current flowing in said electrical system, and the other of saidfield windings being traversed by current derived from saidphase-modifying means. whereby the electromotive force generated by saidseries generator is equal to, and 180 in phase displacement from. theimpedance drop in said electrical system.

13. An alternating-current booster adapted to neutralize the impedanceof a device connected in series therewith, comprising acommutator typedynamo-electric-machine aggregate having armature windings and aplurality of exciting field windings, said armature windings beingadapted to be connected in series-circuit relationship with said device.and a phase converter connected in series-circuit relationship to saidarmature circuit. one of said exciting field wind ings being connectedin series-circuit relationship to said armature circuit, and another ofsaid exciting field windings being connected to the derived phase ofsaid phase converter.

14. An alternating-current booster adapted to neutralize the impedanceof a device connected in series therewith. comprising a commutator-typedynamo electric machine aggregate having armature windings and aplurality of exciting field windings. said armature windings beingadapted to be connected in series-circuit relationship with said devlce,and a two-phase static network having one of its phases connected inseries-cir- 15. The combination with an electricalsystem, and means forim ressing thereupon an alternating-current e ectromotive force, ofbooster means connected in series-circuit relationship with saidelectrical system and having characteristics corresponding to the loadcharacteristic of a given portion of said electrical system, saidbooster means generating electromotive-forces that are out of phase witheach other, and means for initially adjusting the value ofsaidelectromotive-forces whereby said booster means will inherentlycompensate for the impedance drops in said given portion of saidelectrical system. I

16. The combination with an electrical system, and means for im ressingthereupon an alternating-current e ectromotive force,

of auxiliary sources of electromotive forceconnected in series with saidelectrical system, sa1d sources generating electromotive forces that areout of phase wlth each other,

. and means for automatically adjusting the value of said electromotiveforces to compensate for the impedance drops in a given portion of saidelectrical system.

17. The combination with an alternating-current translating device, ofmeans connected in series therewith to compensate for the impedance droptherein, said means comprising a single-phase commutator-type generatorhaving a commutator-winding and a field-exciting winding, andphase-modifying means interposed between said translating device andsaid commutator-winding, said phase-modifying means supplying saidfieldexciting winding with current displaced in phase with respect tothe current in said commutator-winding and proportional thereto, wherebythe electromotive force generated by said commutator generator issubstan tially equal and opposite to the impedance drop in saidtranslating device.

18. The combination with an alternatingcurrent translating device, of acommutatortype dynamo-electric means connected in series therewith tocompensate for the impedance drop therein. and means for exciting saiddynamo-electric means with a current displaced from the current in saidtranslating device and proportional thereto, whereby the electromotiveforce generated by said dynamo-electric means is substantially equal andopposite to the impedance d'rop'in said translating device.

19. The combination with an alternatingcurrent. translating device, of acommutatortype dynamo-electric means connected in series therewith tocompensate for the impedance drop therein, and means for exciting saiddynamo-electric means with a current displaced approximately 90 withrespect to the current in said translating device and proportionalthereto, whereby the electromotive force generated by saiddynamo-electric means is substantially equal and opposite to theimpedance drop in said translating device.

20. The combination with an alternating current circuit, of meansconnected in series therewith to compensate for the impedance drop of agiven portlon thereof, said meansv comprising a single-phasecommutator-type generator having a commutator, winding connected inseries with said system, and means for producing an alternating excitingfield for said generator, said alternating field being proportional tothe current in said system and displaced in time-phase with respectthereto, whereby the electromotive force generated by said commutatorgenerator is substantially equal and opposite to the impedance drop inthe given portion of said system.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 29th dayof April,

CHARLES LE G. FORTESCUE.

